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PALMM Collections » Linking Florida's Natural Heritage » Florida Environments Online

The ecology of hydric hammocks: a community profile

Table of Contents

Front Cover
- cover1
- cover2
Title page and preliminaries
- i
- ii
Preface
- iii
Conversion Factors
- iv
Contents
- v
Figures
- vi
- vii
Tables
- viii
Acknowledgments
- ix
- x
Chapter 1. Introduction
- 1
- 2
- 3
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Chapter 2. Physical Settings
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
- 14
- 15
- 16
- 17
- 18
- 19
--2.1 Climate
- 5
- 6
--2.2 Physiography and Geology
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
--2.3 Soils
- 9
- 10
- 11
--2.4 Hydrology
- 11
- 12
- 13
- 14
- 15
- 16
--2.5 Physical Control of Distribution of Hydric Hammocks
- 16
- 17
--2.6 Summary
- 17
- 18
- 19
Chapter 3. Vegetation of Hydric Hammocks
- 20
- 21
- 22
- 23
- 24
- 25
- 26
- 27
- 28
- 29
- 30
- 31
- 32
- 33
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- 35
- 36
- 37
- 38
- 39
- 40
- 41
- 42
- 43
- 44
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- 50
--3.1 Introduction
- 20
- 21
- 22
- 23
- 24
- 25
--3.2 Vegetation Patterns
- 25
- 26
- 27
- 28
- 29
- 30
- 31
- 32
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--3.3 Sources of Variation
- 35
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- 40
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---3.3.1 Geography
- 35
- 36
---3.3.2 Hydrology
- 36
- 37
- 38
- 39
- 40
---3.3.3 Edaphic Conditions
- 40
- 41
---3.3.4 Fire
- 41
- 42
- 43
- 44
- 45
---3.3.5 Other Disturbances
- 45
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---3.3.6 Summary
- 48
--3.4 Primary Production and its Fate
- 48
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- 50
Chapter 4. Animals
- 51
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--4.1 Introduction
- 51
--4.2 Reptiles and Amphibians
- 51
- 52
- 53
- 54
- 55
--4.3 Birds
- 56
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- 59
- 60
---4.3.1 Community Structure
- 56
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---4.3.2. Selected Species
- 59
- 60
--4.4 Mammals
- 60
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---4.4.1 Community Structure
- 60
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---4.4.2 Selected Species
- 62
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Chapter 5. Plant-Animal Interactions
- 66
- 67
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Chapter 6. Linkages with Other Ecosystems
- 69
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--6.1 With Estuaries
- 69
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--6.2 With Adjacent and Distant Habitats
- 70
- 71
- 72
References
- 73
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Figure 1. Distribution of hydric hammocks in Florida
- 3
Figure 2. Seasonal distribution of rainfall at three locations in Florida, 1941-70 average
- 5
Figure 3. Physiographic regions of Florida
- 6
Figure 4. Geologic cross section of peninsular northern Florida
- 7
Figure 5. Geologic map of Florida showing dominant rocks at or near the surface
- 7
Figure 6. Marine terraces of Florida
- 8
Figure 7. Limestone outcrop in a gulf coastal hammock
- 9
Figure 8. Sequence of plant communities from the lower St. Johns River to upland scrubby flatwoods
- 12
Figure 9. Generalized profile of a spring-fed stream and adjoining hydric hammock
- 12
Figure 10. Rainfall and ground-water level in 1986 at Tiger Creek hydric hammock, central Florida
- 13
Figure 11. Water-table profiles across three plant communities adjacent to Tiger Creek
- 13
Figure 12. Flooding of hydric hammock along the Myakka River, Sarasota County, Florida
- 14
Figure 13. Flooding and drydown of Sanchez Prairie
- 15
Figure 14. Two vegetation transects from river swamp to upland forest in the Oklawaha River basin, central Florida
- 17
Figure 15. Topographic map of the upper St. Johns River floodplain between Puzzle Lake and Lake Poinsett
- 17
Figure 16. Aerial photograph of hydric hammock on the west bank of the St. Johns River
- 18
Figure 17. A large sweetgum in dense hydric hammock along Tiger Creek, Florida
- 20
Figure 18. Cabbage palm predominates in hydric hammock along Upper Myakka Lake, Myakka River State Park
- 27
Figure 19. Hydric hammock at the inland edge of Gulf Hammock
- 28
Figure 20. Hydric hammock along the upper St. Johns River
- 28
Figure 21. Coastal hydric hammock where it adjoins salt marsh, Gulf Hammock, Levy County
- 29
Figure 22. Loblolly pine hydric hammock, Silver Springs, Marion County
- 30
Figure 23. Vertical structure of hydric hammock dominated by loblolly pine
- 30
Figure 24. A hydric hammock strongly affected by seepage, Wekiva Springs, Seminole County
- 31
Figure 25. Species composition of trees, shrubs, and saplings in two hydric hammocks
- 32
Figure 26. Edge of hydric hammock and salt marsh along the Gulf of Mexico near the Withlacoochee River, Citrus County
- 33
Figure 27. Natural ranges in Florida of four species of trees common to hydric hammock
- 35
Figure 28. Distribution of cabbage palm in Florida
- 36
Figure 29. Buttressed roots of trees in hydric hammock
- 38
Figure 30. Distribution of tree species along a presumed flooding gradient in Sanchez Prairie, San Felasco Hammock State Preserve
- 39
Figure 31. Expansion of hydric hammock into freshwater marsh, Myakka River State Park
- 40
Figure 32. Expanding hydric hammock, Myakka River State Park
- 40
Figure 33. Change in the tree-species composition of a hydric hammock with increasing distance from its salt-marsh boundary
- 41
Figure 34. Fire in the cabbage palm edge of hydric hammock, Seminole Ranch
- 42
Figure 35. Tree-species composition of two hydric hammocks in Myakka River State Park
- 43
Figure 36. Species composition of four nearby portions of a hydric-hammock stand in the northern part of Tosohatchee State Preserve, Orange County
- 44
Figure 37. A grazing exclosure in Gulf Hammock demonstrates the effects of cattle and deer on the ground cover of hydric hammock
- 46
Figure 38. Tree blowdowns due to hurricanes in coastal hydric hammock
- 47
Figure 39. Phenology of bird diversity and abundance and the number of species of plants producing fruits edible to birds in a mesic hammock
- 67
Figure 40. Breeding and winter ranges of selected migrant birds that live in hydric hammock
- 71
Table 1. Classification of freshwater, forested wetlands in Florida
- 2
Table 2. Characteristics of some soil series associated with hydric-hammock vegetation
- 10
Table 3. Comparison of surface soil characteristics among three hardwood wetland types in Florida
- 11
Table 4. Plants occurring in hydric hammocks
- 21
Table 5. Composition of hydric-hammock stands
- 25
Table 6. Fire sensitivity in five tree species common to hydric hammocks
- 42
Table 7. Occurrence of reptiles and amphibians in three variants of hydric hammock
- 52
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Table 8. Occurrence of reptiles and amphibians in a loblolly pine hydric hammock
- 54
Table 9. Occurrence of reptiles and amphibians in two drift fence arrays at a hydric-hammock site
- 55
Table 10. Occurrence of reptiles and amphibians in two drift fence arrays in coastal hydric hammock, loblolly pine variant
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Table 11. Bird population and community characteristics along the route of the proposed Cross-Florida Barge Canal
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Table 12. Occurrence of mammals in three variants of hydric hammock along the route of the proposed Cross-Florida Barge Canal
- 61
Report documentation page
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Back Cover
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